Long-term outcomes of successful left atrial appendage occlusion with focus on stroke prevention: 10-year follow-up of a single-center registry

Figure 1. Flow chart of the study. FU = follow-up; LAA = left atrial appendage; LAAO = left atrial appendage occlusion.

Figure 2. Thromboembolic and major bleeding events during long-term follow-up (FU). A: Observed thromboembolic event rates compared with expected event rates without any anticoagulation therapy based on the CHA2DS2-VASc (congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack or thromboembolism, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, sex category) score. B: Kaplan-Meier curve time to first ischemic stroke C: Annualized ischemic-stroke rate per FU year. D: Observed major bleeding event rates compared with expected event rates under anticoagulation use based on the HAS-BLED (hypertension, abnormal renal or liver function, stroke, bleeding, labile international normalized ratio, elderly, drugs or alcohol) score. E: Kaplan-Meier curve major bleeding for the full cohort. F: Annualized major bleeding rate per FU year. HHT = hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia; RRR = relative risk reduction; SE = systemic embolism; TIA = transient ischemic attack.

Figure 3. Stand-alone left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) vs LAAO combined with catheter ablation (CA). A: Observed thrombo-embolic event-rates compared to expected event-rates without any anticoagulation therapy based on the CHA2DS2-VASc score of LAAO standalone and LAAO combines with CA cohorts. B: Kaplan meier curve time-to first stroke compared between LAAO standalone and LAAO combined with CA cohorts. C: Kaplan meier curve time-to first major bleeding compared between LAAO standalone and LAAO combined with CA cohorts. CHA2DS2-VASc = congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke or transient ischemic attack or thromboembolism, vascular disease, age 65-74 years, sex category; RRR = relative risk reduction.

Figure 4. Anticoagulation and antiplatelet use during the study. ∗Combined with low-molecular-weight heparin (∼2 weeks). DAPT = dual antiplatelet therapy, FU = follow-up; (N)OAC = (non–vitamin K) oral anticoagulation, SAPT = single antiplatelet therapy.