Shape of the mitral annulus in normal individuals and dilated cardiomyopathies: computational modeling insights into leaflet stress distribution

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Representative shape of MV and chordae at atrial systole as superimposed onto the original angio-CT images.

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  FIGURE 2. (A) Measurement of MAD in a healthy subject and (B) absence of MAD in a patient with planar annulus.

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  FIGURE 3. Mean values of the mitral annulus shape at ventricular diastole (black dots) and ventricular systole (red dots) showing the motion of the annulus for (A) healthy and (B) diseased mitral valves. Grey lines in the X and Y directions represent the mean standard error of mitral annulus displacement among the patients.

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  FIGURE 4. Colored maps of maximum principal stress of healthy (first row) and diseased mitral valves (second row) at different steps of the cardiac cycle (A-F); the red color indicates the region of mitral valve leaflets at high stress while the blue color represents regions of low stress magnitude.

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  FIGURE 5. Comparison of maximum principal stress computed at peak systole among different quadrants for healthy and diseased mitral valves.

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  FIGURE 6. Stress values as a function of beat time simulation for (A) healthy and (B) diseased mitral valves.