Functional Connectivity Alterations of the Central Autonomic Network in Multiple Sclerosis

Figures

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  Figure 1. CAN Seed Spatial Maps Combined Across Groups Spatial maps, combined across groups, of central autonomic networks (CANs) produced by seed regions taken into consideration for this analysis (effects of interest derived from SPM12 full-factorial models, p < 0.05 family-wise error corrected).

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  Figure 2. RS FC Abnormalities in Seed-Based Reconstructed CANs According to Phenotype Clusters showing significantly different resting-state (RS) functional connectivity (FC) between patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and matched healthy controls (HCs) (panel A), and between patients with progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) and matched HCs (panel B) in the different central autonomic networks (CANs) reconstructed by seed-region analysis (SPM12 full-factorial models, p < 0.05, family-wise error corrected). Only clusters surviving at the at phenotype-by-group interaction analysis are reported. Regions of increased RS FC in patients vs HCs are coded in red, whereas regions of decreased RS FC are coded in blue.

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  Figure 3. RS FC Changes Over Time in Seed-Based Reconstructed CANs According to Clinical Phenotype and Treatment Clusters showing significant changes of resting-state (RS) functional connectivity (FC) over time in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) undergoing aerobic training (AT) or non-AT. Patients are first considered as a whole (panels A–B) and then divided into relapsing-remitting (RR, panels C–D) and progressive (P, panels E–F) phenotypes (SPM12 full-factorial models for repeated measures, adjusted for age and sex). Only clusters surviving at the time-by-treatment interaction analysis are reported. Results are presented at p < 0.001, uncorrected, cluster extent threshold k = 50, and at p < 0.05, cluster-wise family-wise error (FWE) corrected. Regions of decreased RS FC are coded in blue.