Tailoring the electronic structure and kinetics of VSe ₂ via selenium vacancy engineering for ultralong-life zinc-ion batteries

Introducing Se vacancies into VSe 2 nanosheets via anionic defect engineering creates abundant active sites and weakens Zn 2+ –host interactions, enabling a VSe 2− x -40 cathode to achieve accelerated kinetics and 80.2% capacity retention over 5000 cycles.