Surface Physical and Mechanical Properties of Short Fibre Reinforced Composite Resins in Direct Restorative Dentistry: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND: Short Fibre Reinforced Composite resins may be used to restore odontogenic tissues and have enhanced physical and mechanical properties compared with conventional resins. However, their surface characteristics remain a concern, and this has limited their use as direct dental restorative materials. METHODS: Five published and three grey literature electronic databases were searched in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. RESULTS: This systematic review identified and assessed studies that examined surface hardness, surface roughness, surface wear, water solubility, water sorption, and surface energy of SFRC resins. Most studies were in vitro (n = 30), and only two clinical trials were identified. Minimal grey literature was found, all originating from manufacturers. The evidence from these studies suggests that matrix composition and fibre characteristics influence surface properties, consistent with findings reported for conventional particle filled composite resins. CONCLUSIONS: The physical and mechanical surface properties of SFRC resins used as direct dental restorative materials appear appropriate and stable in the oral environment; however, long-term clinical studies are needed to confirm this.