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Demonstrates effective acoustic transmission between water and air, suggesting innovative design for sound systems.
It is hard to send sound from air to water, or vice versa, because the acoustic impedance ratio is approximately 3600. Analysis supported by simulation shows that almost full transmission over a broad bandwidth can be obtained by a solid interface comprising three parallel elastic plates connected by parallel rigid ribs. Theoretical analysis combined with numerical optimization shows that the optimal three-plate impedance transformer has a central plate far thicker than those facing air and water. Numerical simulations demonstrate a predicted minimum Q-factor of 5.5 for transmission.
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Yekta et al. (2025) studied this question.
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