Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) are among the most common complications of pregnancy, particularly in women at high risk, and carry significant risks for adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: We analyzed data from the All of Us Research Program (as of October 2025), a nationwide NIH initiative designed to build a diverse health database, to determine the prevalence of GDM and PIH in relation to age at first pregnancy, race, and ethnicity. PIH was identified based on the presence of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy, specifically classified as moderate proteinuria hypertension, non-proteinuria hypertension, and/or pre- eclampsia. GDM was identified based on diagnostic classifications, including GDM Class A1, GDM Class A2, gestational diabetes mellitus complicating pregnancy, and gestational diabetes mellitus during childbirth. To isolate condition-specific demographic patterns, participants diagnosed with both PIH and GDM (n = 231) were excluded, resulting in analytic samples of 414 participants with only PIH and 1,608 with only GDM. Results: The average age of participants with PIH was slightly higher than that of those with GDM (30.0 ± 6.5 vs 29.3 ± 6.1 years; P < 0.05). Between ages 25-30 years, GDM was more prevalent than PIH (28.5% vs 24.6%), whereas between 35-40 years, PIH was more prevalent (18.4% vs 15.1%). The prevalence of both conditions was comparable between ages 30–35 years (~ 25%). GDM was more prevalent than PIH among white participants (31.2% vs 22.7%), and overall, both conditions were more prevalent in White than in Black/African American participants (8.2% vs 9.4%). By ethnicity, GDM was more prevalent than PIH among Non-Hispanic/Latino participants (47.4% vs 38.9%), while PIH was more prevalent among Hispanic/Latino participants (59.1% vs 51.1%). The prevalence of PIH in the All of Us Research Program aligns with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) data indicating that PIH is more common among older women. However, while CDC estimates show higher diabetes prevalence among Black/African American and Hispanic populations nationwide, the All of Us Research Program includes proportionally more white participants with diabetes, and diabetes prevalence is nearly comparable between its Hispanic and non-Hispanic participants. Conclusion: The All of Us Research Program offers a pregnancy cohort that serves as a powerful resource for investigating GDM and PIH. However, because its participants may not fully reflect national demographics, rigorous attention to potential enrollment biases is essential to ensure that resulting insights are both valid and generalizable. This abstract was presented at the American Physiology Summit 2026 and is only available in HTML format. There is no downloadable file or PDF version. The Physiology editorial board was not involved in the peer review process.
Katsanos et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
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