What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to examine the prevalence of prepregnancy diabetes and gestational diabetes across different racial and ethnic subgroups, highlighting social determinants of health.

June 7, 2026Diabetes

2160-P: Racial and Ethnic Subgroup Differences in Prevalence and Associated Social Determinants of Health for Prepregnancy and Gestational Diabetes in California

Q: What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Observational. Population: Pre-pregnancy diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus (n=1627679). Intervention: Racial/ethnic subgroups and social determinants of health. Primary outcome: Age-standardized prevalence and annual percent change of pre-pregnancy diabetes and gestational diabetes.

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

Pre-pregnancy and gestational diabetes prevalence, as well as their associations with social determinants of health, exhibit substantial heterogeneity across disaggregated racial and ethnic subgroups, underscoring the need for subgroup-specific analysis. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

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Key result

Maternal diabetes prevalence rises among first-time mothers, with gestational rates reaching ~7% amid racial heterogeneity.

n=1,627,679

Why the study?

Pre-pregnancy diabetes and gestational diabetes are rising in the US with persistent racial/ethnic disparities, but most previous studies aggregated Asian and Hispanic subgroups, obscuring heterogeneity.

Population

1,627,679 women with first-time singleton births from 2013-2022 California Birth Certificates

Comparison

Disaggregated racial/ethnic subgroups and associated social determinants of health

Design

Observational birth-certificate registry analysis

Authors

CHCheng-Tzu HsiehUniversity of California, Los Angeles XXXinze XuUniversity of California, Los Angeles XRXuyuehe RenUniversity of California, Los Angeles

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

May support subgroup-specific surveillance; extends aggregated US data by revealing intra-ethnic heterogeneity.

Key Points

This research aims to examine the prevalence of prepregnancy diabetes and gestational diabetes across different racial and ethnic subgroups, highlighting social determinants of health.
Analyzed data from 1,627,679 women with first-time singleton births in California from 2013-2022.
Estimated age-standardized prevalence and annual percent change (APC) for prepregnancy diabetes and gestational diabetes.
Used Poisson regression to examine associations of social determinants of health with diabetes prevalence by racial/ethnic subgroups.
Overall age-standardized prevalence increased 1.8 times for prepregnancy diabetes (0.41% to 0.74%) and 1.5 times for gestational diabetes (4.7% to 7.1%).
Asian women had the highest annual percent change (APC) for both diabetes types, with APC for prepregnancy diabetes at 10.9% and gestational diabetes at 6.3%.
Hmong women experienced the highest prevalence of gestational diabetes at 11.9%, while Hawaiian/Pacific Islander women had the highest prevalence of prepregnancy diabetes at 2.1%.

Study Design

Type

Observational (n=1,627,679)

Structured PICO

Population

1,627,679 women with first-time singleton births in California from 2013-2022 evaluated for pre-pregnancy and gestational diabetes prevalence across racial/ethnic subgroups.

Outcome

Age-standardized prevalence and annual percent change (APC) of pre-pregnancy diabetes (PD) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

Pre-pregnancy and gestational diabetes prevalence are rising in California, with significant heterogeneity across disaggregated racial and ethnic subgroups.

Cite This Study

Hsieh et al. (2026) conducted an observational in Pre-pregnancy diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus (n=1,627,679). Racial/ethnic subgroups and social determinants of health was evaluated on Age-standardized prevalence and annual percent change of pre-pregnancy diabetes and gestational diabetes. Pre-pregnancy diabetes (0.41% to 0.74%) and gestational diabetes (4.7% to 7.1%) prevalence increased among first-time mothers in California (2013-2022), showing significant racial/ethnic heterogeneity.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a250be87def13d035e1be66 https://doi.org/10.2337/db26-2160-p

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2160-P: Racial and Ethnic Subgroup Differences in Prevalence and Associated Social Determinants of Health for Prepregnancy and Gestational Diabetes in California

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Study Design

Structured PICO

Cite This Study

2160-P: Racial and Ethnic Subgroup Differences in Prevalence and Associated Social Determinants of Health for Prepregnancy and Gestational Diabetes in California

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Study Design

Structured PICO

Cite This Study

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