Facial Rejuvenation and Rhytidectomy: Anatomical Evolution, Surgical Techniques, And Comprehensive Management

This review article synthesizes and critically analyzes the current literature on rhytidectomy (facelift) surgery. It evaluates the underlying surgical anatomy, focusing on the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) and the retaining ligaments. Furthermore, it compares the evolution of traditional surgical techniques with deep plane approaches, analyzing their biomechanical benefits. The fundamental role of complementary procedures, such as autologous fat grafting, is discussed, and the importance of comprehensive perioperative management is emphasized. Finally, limitations in the existing evidence are identified, and future directions for research in facial rejuvenation are proposed.