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We present super-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy by implementing phase-resolved image scanning microscopy, achieving up to two-fold resolution increase as compared with a conventional CARS microscope. Phase-sensitivity is required for the standard pixel-reassignment procedure since the scattered field is coherent, thus the point-spread function is well-defined only for the field amplitude. We resolve the complex field by a simple add-on to the CARS setup enabling inline interferometry. Phase-sensitivity offers additional contrast which informs the spatial distribution of both resonant and nonresonant scatterers. As compared with alternative super-resolution schemes in coherent nonlinear microscopy, the proposed method is simple, requires only low-intensity excitation, and is compatible with any conventional forward-detected CARS imaging setup. The authors present super-resolved CARS microscopy using phase-sensitive image scanning, achieving nearly twice the resolution of conventional CARS. This method requires low excitation laser power and integrates easily into existing systems.
Zhitnitsky et al. (Thu,) studied this question.