Advances in the application of covalent organic frameworks as solid phase microextraction coating materials for environmental organic pollutant detection

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of porous polymeric materials formed by organic monomers linked through covalent bonds . Owing to their substantial specific surface area , convenient functionalization, and porous architecture, they are utilized in solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The review summarized the synthesis methods for COFs, including boron-based COFs, imine-based COFs, triazine-based COFs synthesis, and other types of COFs. Density functional theory (DFT)-based studies have comprehensively characterized the extraction mechanisms of COFs, including π-π stacking, hydrogen bonding , electrostatic interactions , and hydrophobic interactions. Subsequently, the application of COFs as adsorbents for environmental organic pollutant in SPME and excellent extraction capabilities of COFs were presented. Finally, the challenges and applications of COFs in sample pretreatment were discussed. It played a role in promoting research at the intersection of materials science and environmental analysis , thus providing a valuable reference.