Sympathetic and parasympathetic central autonomic networks

Fig. 1.. Integrated analysis workflow for SAI and PAI estimation.

Fig. 2.. Integrated analysis workflow for joint SAI and PAI signals with rs-fMRI signals. The joint SAI-fMRI analysis is specifically illustrated. The joint SAI-fMRI analysis is similarly performed by substituting SAI with PAI series.

Fig. 3.. Brain regions demonstrating significant positive correlations with the estimated instantaneous parasympathetic autonomic outflow via SAI are displayed in whole-brain corrected Z maps (Z > 2.3) superimposed on the standard 2 mm MNI T1-weighted image (in Axial plane). No significant results were found in the opposite contrast. The z coordinate (cm) is in the superior left corner of each slice. Number legends: 1) Vermis 6; 2) Left Amygdala; 3) Right Hippocampus; 4) Left Hippocampus; 5) R-Lateral Occipital Cortex inferior division; 6) L-Lateral Occipital Cortex inferior division; 7) R-Lateral Occipital Cortex superior division; 8) L-Lateral Occipital Cortex superior division; 9) R-Insular Cortex; 10) L-Insular Cortex; 11) R-Angular Gyrus; 12) L-Angular Gyrus; 13) R-Precuneus Cortex; 14) L-Precuneus Cortex; 15) R-Precentral Gyrus; 16) R-Posterior Cingulate Gyrus; 17) L-Posterior Cingulate Gyrus; 18) R-Anterior Cingulate Gyrus; 19) L-Anterior Cingulate Gyrus; 20) L-Superior Frontal Gyrus; and 23) R-Superior Frontal Gyrus.

Fig. 4.. Brain regions exhibiting negative correlations with instantaneous parasympathetic autonomic outflow as estimated through PAI are depicted in the thresholded Z maps (Z>2.3) superimposed on the standard 2 mm MNI T1-weighted image (in Axial plane). No significant results were observed for the opposite contrast. The z coordinate (cm) is in the superior left corner of each slice. Number legends: 1) Vermis 6; 2) Left Amygdala; 3) Right Hippocampus; 4) Left Hippocampus; 5) R-Lateral Occipital Cortex inferior division; 6) L-Lateral Occipital Cortex inferior division; 7) R-Lateral Occipital Cortex superior division; 8) L-Lateral Occipital Cortex superior division; 9) R-Insular Cortex; 10) L-Insular Cortex; 11) R-Angular Gyrus; 12) L-Angular Gyrus; 13) R-Precuneus Cortex; 14) L-Precuneus Cortex; 15) R-Precentral Gyrus; 16) R-Posterior Cingulate Gyrus; 17) L-Posterior Cingulate Gyrus; 18) R-Anterior Cingulate Gyrus; 19) L-Anterior Cingulate Gyrus; 20) L-Superior Frontal Gyrus; 21) Right Amygdala; 22) L-Precentral Gyrus; and 23) R-Superior Frontal Gyrus.

Fig. 5.. Brain regions demonstrating significant correlations between resting state activity and autonomic nervous system activity, as measured by SAI (Sympathetic Autonomic Index) and PAI (Parasympathetic Autonomic Index), shown as a mask superimposed on a standard 2 mm MNI T1-weighted image (in Axial plane). The z coordinate (cm) is in the superior left corner of each slice. Number legends: 1) Vermis 6; 2) Left Amygdala; 3) Right Hippocampus; 4) Left Hippocampus; 5) R-Lateral Occipital Cortex inferior division; 6) L-Lateral Occipital Cortex inferior division; 7) R-Lateral Occipital Cortex superior division; 8) L-Lateral Occipital Cortex superior division; 9) R-Insular Cortex; 10) L-Insular Cortex; 11) R-Angular Gyrus; 12) L-Angular Gyrus; 13) R-Precuneus Cortex; 14) L-Precuneus Cortex; 15) R-Precentral Gyrus; 16) R-Posterior Cingulate Gyrus; 17) L-Posterior Cingulate Gyrus; 18) R-Anterior Cingulate Gyrus; 19) L-Anterior Cingulate Gyrus; 20) L-Superior Frontal Gyrus; 21) Right Amygdala; 22) L-Precentral Gyrus; and 23) R-Superior Frontal Gyrus.