Key result
ALV-J 3'UTR enhances viral replication and affects tissue preference, with △-r-TM-type proliferating fastest.
Why the study?
ALV-J has been mutating rapidly, especially in the viral genome 3'UTR, while clinical symptoms have changed significantly.
The 3'UTR of ALV-J acts as an enhancer to promote viral replication and assists in mRNA nuclear export, providing insights into viral pathogenicity and potential anti-viral strategies.
Informs ALV-J control strategies in poultry; leaves open in vivo validation and field translation.
IMPORTANCE: 3'UTRs can affect gene transcription and post-transcriptional regulation in multiple ways, further influencing the function of proteins in a unique manner. Recently, ALV-J has been mutating and evolving rapidly, especially the 3'UTR of viral genome. Meanwhile, clinical symptoms caused by ALV-J have changed significantly. In this study, we found that the ALV-J strains containing △-r-TM-type 3'UTR are the most abundant. By constructing ALV-J infectious clones and subgenomic vectors containing different 3'UTRs, we prove that 3'UTRs directly affect viral tissue preference and can promote virus replication as an enhancer. ALV-J strain containing 3'UTR of △-r-TM proliferated fastest in primary cells. All five forms of 3'UTRs can assist intron-containing viral mRNA nuclear export, with similar efficiency. ALV-J mRNA half-life is not influenced by different 3'UTRs. Our results dissect the roles of 3'UTR on regulating viral replication and pathogenicity, providing novel insights into potential anti-viral strategies.
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Xu et al. (2023) studied Avian Leukosis Virus subgroup J (ALV-J) infection. 3'UTR of ALV-J vs. Different forms of 3'UTRs was evaluated on Viral replication, transcription, and mRNA nuclear export. The 3'UTR of ALV-J directly affects viral tissue preference and promotes virus replication as an enhancer, with the △-r-TM-type 3'UTR proliferating fastest in primary cells.
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