Key result
Omega-3 supplementation and replacing saturated fats with alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids reduce coronary events.
Why the study?
The authors aimed to review the association between dietary fats, biomarkers, and fatty acid interventions and the risk of coronary events in adults.
Does dietary intake and supplementation of specific fatty acids alter the risk of coronary events in adults?
Meta-Analysis
Does dietary intake and supplementation of specific fatty acids alter the risk of coronary events in adults?
This meta-analysis provides modest support for current dietary guidelines recommending the replacement of saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats to lower the risk of coronary events.
Supports replacing saturated fats with omega-3 and other PUFAs to lower coronary risk; reinforces existing dietary guidelines.
We aimed to review the association of dietary fats and risk of coronary events in adults. We searched PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Sciences to April 2022 for prospective cohorts and randomized trials investigating the association of dietary intake and biomarkers of fats and fatty acid interventions and the risk of coronary events. We performed random-effects meta-analyses to estimate relative risk (RR) for the top versus bottom tertiles of exposures. One-hundered sixty-five prospective cohorts and randomized trials were included. Dietary intake and biomarkers of total fat and saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were not associated with the risk of coronary events. Dietary intake of trans fatty acids, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and saturated fatty acids from meat and unprocessed meat was modestly associated with a higher risk and, in contrast, intake of alpha-linolenic acid, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, and linoleic acid was modestly associated with a lower risk. Supplementation with long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and increasing the consumption of alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids in place of saturated fats reduced the risk of coronary events. Existing evidence, in its totality, provides a modest support in favor of current recommendations suggesting replacement of saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats.
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Jayedi et al. (2023) conducted a meta-analysis in Coronary events. Dietary intake, biomarkers, and supplementation of fatty acids vs. Bottom tertiles of exposures was evaluated on Risk of coronary events. Supplementation with long-chain omega-3 fatty acids and increasing consumption of alpha-linolenic and linoleic acids in place of saturated fats reduced the risk of coronary events.
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