What does this research mean for the field?

Modifying dietary fat by replacing saturated fat with unsaturated fat reduces the risk of cardiovascular events by 14%, whereas reducing total fat intake has no clear effect on total or cardiovascular mortality. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.SYNTHESIS. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.SUPPORTS_CONSENSUS.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To evaluate the effects of reducing or modifying dietary fat on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular morbidity in adult populations.

May 10, 2012Cochrane libraryOpen Access

Reduced or modified dietary fat for preventing cardiovascular disease

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Why the study?

Does reduction and/or modification of dietary fats reduce mortality or cardiovascular events in adult humans?

Population

Adult humans with or without cardiovascular disease

Comparison

Reduction and/or modification of dietary fats… vs Appropriate control group

Design

Meta-analysis, randomised clinical trials

Follow-up

at least 6 months

Authors

LHLee HooperUniversity of East Anglia CSCarolyn SummerbellDurham University RTRachel ThompsonMerck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Supports modifying dietary fat to reduce cardiovascular events; confirms event reduction without mortality benefit in long-term trials.

Key Points

To evaluate the effects of reducing or modifying dietary fat on all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and cardiovascular morbidity in adult populations.
Systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with at least 6 months duration evaluating dietary fat or cholesterol reduction or modification.
Searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE through June 2010 for trials involving adults with or without established cardiovascular disease.
Reducing saturated fat via fat modification or reduction reduced cardiovascular events by 14% (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77 to 0.96; 24 comparisons, 65,508 participants, 7% event rate, I² = 50%), with effects primarily driven by fat modification trials lasting at least 2 years.
Dietary fat changes showed no significant effect on all-cause mortality (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.04; 71,790 participants) or cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.04; 65,978 participants).

Structured PICO

Does reduction and/or modification of dietary fats reduce mortality or cardiovascular events in adult humans?

Population

Adult humans with or without cardiovascular disease (n=71,790 for total mortality analysis, n=65,508 for cardiovascular events analysis)

Intervention

Reduction and/or modification of dietary fats (excluding exclusively omega-3 fat interventions) for at least six months

Comparator

Appropriate control group

Outcome

Mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular morbidity and individual outcomes including myocardial infarction, stroke and cancer diagnoseshard clinical

Modification of dietary fat, but not reduction of total fat, is associated with a small reduction in cardiovascular risk in trials of at least two years duration.

Limitations

Few studies compared reduced with modified fat diets, so direct comparison was not possible

Cite This Study

Hooper et al. (2012) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a1bec8501af05bf0da8ffc9 https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.cd002137.pub3

Topics

Cardiovascular prevention

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Reduced or modified dietary fat for preventing cardiovascular disease

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Structured PICO

Limitations

Cite This Study

Topics

Reduced or modified dietary fat for preventing cardiovascular disease

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Structured PICO

Limitations

Cite This Study

Also Consider

Topics

Also Consider