Abstract: Rapid urbanization and scarcity of flat land have increased the construction of high-rise buildings on sloping terrain, especially in hilly and seismic-prone regions. Buildings constructed on slopes are more vulnerable to earthquake and wind forces due to irregular geometry, uneven stiffness distribution, and short column effects. To overcome these challenges, advanced structural systems such as diagrid systems, bracing systems, outrigger systems, and shear wall systems are increasingly being adopted in modern construction. This review paper presents a comprehensive review of previous research studies related to seismic analysis of structures on sloping ground using angle diagrid and bracing systems. The study highlights the influence of diagrid angle, soil–structure interaction, plan irregularity, and different bracing configurations on structural performance. Various analytical methods such as response spectrum analysis, nonlinear analysis, pushover analysis, and time-history analysis using ETABS, SAP2000, PLAXIS 3D, and OpenSees software are reviewed. The findings from previous studies indicate that diagrid and bracing systems significantly improve lateral stiffness, reduce displacement and storey drift, and enhance seismic resistance of buildings on sloping terrain. However, limited studies are available on the combined effect of angle diagrid systems and bracing systems on sloping ground considering soil–structure interaction and irregular configurations. Therefore, further research is required to develop optimized structural systems for safe and economical high-rise construction in seismic regions.
Meshram et al. (Mon,) studied this question.