reduction in all pathogens within 10 min at their MIC level. Formalin could not achieve the desired results even at 16-fold higher MIC values, showing its unsuitability for rapid surface disinfection protocols. All disinfectants showed reduced efficacy even at an organic load level of 0.5%. Integrated scoring system graded iodophor and BKC as the most effective disinfectants (> 80% of total score), making them strong candidates for aquaculture disinfection programmes. Collectively, the findings serve as the reference for adopting effective biosecurity practises against bacterial pathogens in marine/estuarine aquaculture.
Sumithra et al. (2026) studied this question.