Chemical Constituents of the Endophytic Fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum and Their Osteoclast Inhibitory Activity

A pair of new enantiomeric polyketides [(±)-purpulilactone, 1a and 1b] and a new vicinal analog [(3S*,5S*)-(13S*,14*)-3,5-dimethy-13,14-diol-pentadecanol, 2] were isolated from the culture of Purpureocillium lilacinum collected from traditional Chinese medicine Ficus pumila L, together with 16 known compounds (3-18). The structures of the new compounds were determined by detailed analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and ORD, as well as OR calculation. Compounds 5, 10, and 12 significantly suppressed osteoclast formation in bone marrow-derived monocytes at a concentration of 20 µM, demonstrating their potential for anti-osteoporotic agents.