Among patients with cardiovascular disease, female sex was independently associated with lower odds of gastrointestinal bleeding compared with male sex (aOR 0.82; 95% CI 0.72-0.95).
Case-Control (n=4,721)
Yes
Does female sex reduce the odds of gastrointestinal bleeding in adults with cardiovascular disease?
Among patients with cardiovascular disease, female sex is independently associated with a lower risk of gastrointestinal bleeding compared to male sex.
Odds Ratio: 0.82 (95% CI 0.72–0.95)
OBJECTIVE: Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a serious complication among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to evaluate sex differences in the odds of GI bleeding. METHODS: We analyzed data from an international case-control study of adults with CVD (n = 4721; 1807 women and 2914 men), conducted between September 3, 2015, and December 20, 2022. Cases presented with overt GI bleeding; controls had no prior GI bleeding. Baseline characteristics were compared by sex. Sequential multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the association between sex and GI bleeding, followed by sex-stratified analyses and tests for sex×factor interactions. RESULTS: Female sex was independently associated with lower adjusted odds of GI bleeding compared with male sex (aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.72-0.95). While most established factors were associated with GI bleeding in both sexes, Coronary artery disease was associated with higher odds of GI bleeding only in women (aOR 1.44; P-interaction = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with CVD, female sex is independently associated with lower odds of GI bleeding. Several factors were shared between sexes, although some sex-specific associations were observed.
Cai et al. (Fri,) conducted a case-control in Cardiovascular disease (n=4,721). Female sex vs. Male sex was evaluated on Gastrointestinal bleeding (aOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.72-0.95). Among patients with cardiovascular disease, female sex was independently associated with lower odds of gastrointestinal bleeding compared with male sex (aOR 0.82; 95% CI 0.72-0.95).