Comparative outcomes of manual compression, double-ProGlide and the LaPFOE technique following cryoballoon atrial fibrillation ablation with uninterrupted oral anticoagulants

Figures

• 

  Fig. 1. Schematic diagram illustrating the different puncture sites. A The red point shows the puncture site of the manual compression group and the Perclose ProGlide group (2–3 cm below the inguinal ligament, 0.5 cm medial to the femoral artery). B The red point shows the puncture site of the LaPFOE group (5–7 cm below the inguinal ligament)

• 

  Fig. 2. Description of the LaPFOE technique. a Low approach femoral venous puncture was conducted 5–7 cm below the inguinal ligament. b Pre-dilation was conducted via the entry of a 6-Fr femoral artery sheath core into the lumen through the guidewire. c The oozing of blood was dark red and flowed steadily after sheath core removal. d-g Description of the FOE suture: d The silk suture was first passed at the caudal side of the sheath and went deeply through the subcutaneous tissue. e After crossing over the sheath, the second pass was obtained at the cranial side in the same direction as the first pass. f, g The suture was tightened and tied after removing the sheath

• 

  Fig. 3. The femoral vein access site was closed with the Perclose Proglide® device. a The Perclose Proglide device is inserted through the wire. b The device is advanced until it arrives in the venous lumen. C The surgical knot is slid down to the venous wall via a knot pusher. D There is no bleeding at the puncture site once the knot has been deployed