Changes in early career teachers’ technology use for teaching: The roles of teacher self-efficacy, ICT literacy, and experience during COVID-19 school closure

This study examines how early-career teachers' experience and perceived support during the pandemic affected their technology integration self-efficacy and their use of information and communication technology (ICT) after school closure. The results reveal that teachers' positive teaching experiences were associated with their technology integration self-efficacy and their self-reported changes in technology use after the school closure. The results show effects of ICT literacy and general teacher self-efficacy on technology integration self-efficacy. ICT literacy, teacher self-efficacy, and positive experience had indirect effects, whereas support and technology integration self-efficacy had direct effects on changes in teachers’ ICT use for teaching.