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Hydrogen is increasingly recognized for its potential in energy storage, decarbonization of hard-to-abate sectors, and as a versatile fuel. This review comprehensively analyses hydrogen production methods, storage solutions, transportation, and applications. We follow a systemic literature review process, begin with searching paper from the scientific databases and select the articles based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. We have formulated a six-question framework function as a novel assessment model which is a distinguishing factor for the paper. In order to answer those questions, various production techniques are assessed, including steam methane reforming, electrolysis, thermochemical water splitting, and biological processes. The study also explores various storage solutions, such as compressed gas, liquid hydrogen, metal hydrides, and chemical storage, alongside transportation methods. Additionally, the review discusses the role of hydrogen in improving grid resilience and sustainability. It highlights the importance of integrating hydrogen into power systems to improve grid stability and support the transition to low-carbon energy. Our research proposes a novel metric designed to evaluate the potential of hydrogen energy, focusing on its efficient and cost-effective production, storage, transportation, and application methods. This represents a unique contribution compared to other articles reviewing hydrogen energy. Future research directions include hybrid production systems, advanced materials for storage and transport, supportive policy frameworks, and comprehensive life-cycle analyses. By providing a thorough evaluation of these aspects, this review aims to guide future research and implementation efforts, contributing to a more sustainable and resilient energy landscape through the effective integration of hydrogen technologies. • Explores production: SMR, electrolysis, thermochemical & biological methods. • Hydrogen aids grid stability & decarbonization of hard-to-abate sectors. • Assesses storage: compressed gas, liquid, metal hydrides & chemical forms. • Covers transport via pipelines, trucks, and ships for energy distribution. • Highlights future research in hybrid systems, policy, and life cycle analysis.
Siddique et al. (Sat,) studied this question.