Key result
Exogenous extracellular vesicles impair ex vivo vasodilation but yield variable in vivo haemodynamic effects.
Why the study?
The authors sought to identify patterns in how exogenously injected extracellular vesicles affect vascular haemodynamics across different experimental models.
Do exogenously injected extracellular vesicles affect vascular haemodynamics in ex vivo and in vivo models?
Systematic Review (n=61)
Do exogenously injected extracellular vesicles affect vascular haemodynamics in ex vivo and in vivo models?
This systematic review highlights that while extracellular vesicles alter vascular haemodynamics ex vivo, there is a critical need for more in vivo studies as ex vivo results do not consistently translate to conscious animal models.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Ex vivo EV-induced vasodilation impairment should not guide therapy; leaves open standardized in vivo haemodynamic assessment in conscious models.
circulating EVs/mL in the plasma of healthy individuals derived from various sources. While the effect of EVs on vascular haemodynamic parameters will be dependent on the details of the model studied, we systematically searched and summarized current literature to find patterns in how exogenously injected EVs affected vascular haemodynamics. Under homoeostatic conditions, evidence from wire and pressure myography data demonstrate that injecting isolated EVs derived from cell types found in blood and blood vessels resulted in the impairment of vasodilation in blood vessels ex vivo. Impaired vasodilation was also observed in rodents receiving intravenous injections of human plasma EVs from cardiovascular diseases including valvular heart disease, acute coronary syndrome, myocardial infarction and end stage renal disease. When EVs were derived from models of metabolic syndromes, such as diabetes, these EVs enhanced vasoconstriction responses in blood vessels ex vivo. There were fewer publications that assessed the effect of EVs in anaesthetised or conscious animals to confirm whether effects on the vasculature observed in ex vivo studies translated into alterations in vascular haemodynamics in vivo. In the available conscious animal studies, the in vivo data did not always align with the ex vivo data. This highlights the importance of in vivo work to determine the effects of EVs on the integrative vascular haemodynamics.
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Cheung et al. (2024) conducted a systematic review in Vascular haemodynamics (n=61). Extracellular vesicles was evaluated on Vascular reactivity and haemodynamics. Exogenously injected extracellular vesicles from various sources generally impaired vasodilation in ex vivo blood vessels, though in vivo haemodynamic effects varied depending on the model.
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