Key result
Disturbed low shear stress promotes vascular injury by triggering endothelial microparticle release.
Why the study?
Shear stress regulates vascular homeostasis, and endothelial microparticles have emerged as a surrogate biomarker of endothelial injury and dysfunction.
This review highlights the emerging role of endothelial microparticles as mechanosensitive regulators and biomarkers of vascular injury under disturbed shear stress.
EMPs may inform biomarker strategies for shear-related endothelial injury; leaves open clinical utility pending prospective validation.
Hemodynamic shear stress (SS), a frictional force generated by blood flow, regulates vascular homeostasis. High and steady SS maintains physiological function of endothelial cells while low and disturbed SS promotes disturbance of vascular homeostasis and the development of atherosclerosis. Endothelial microparticle (EMP), a vesicular structure shed from endothelial cells, has emerged as a surrogate biomarker of endothelial injury and dysfunction. EMP release is triggered by disturbed SS in addition to multiple inflammatory cytokines. This review systematically summarizes the impact of SS on EMPs and the role of EMPs under SS in modulating vascular homeostasis and injury, including endothelial survival, vasodilation, inflammatory response, vascular permeability, and coagulation system.
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Feng et al. (2022) conducted a review in Vascular homeostasis and endothelial dysfunction. Disturbed low shear stress promotes the release of endothelial microparticles, which mediate vascular injury by affecting endothelial survival, vasodilation, inflammation, and coagulation.
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