A Wearable Multi-Sensor Array Enables the Recording of Heart Sounds in Homecare

Figures

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  Figure 1. Process of decompensation in CHF patients. Adapted from [9].

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  Figure 2. Comparison between (A) the traditional auscultation areas and (B) the distribution of the sensors in the wearable multi-sensor array.

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  Figure 3. Architecture of the proposed system.

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  Figure 4. Dimensioned drawing of the multi-sensor array (only relevant dimensions are provided for readability, i.e., dimensions that are either critical for reproducibility or impossible to determine from other dimensions). Dimensions in millimeters.

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  Figure 5. Pictures of the implemented multi-sensor array from the chest side (A) and from the top side (B).

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  Figure 6. Violin plots of the distributions of respectively BMI and thoracic circumference over the sample population, divided according to biological gender.

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  Figure 7. Example of three heartbeats of an ECG signal and three PCG signals, recorded by different channels of the multi-sensor array. No filtering was applied to the signals.

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  Figure 8. Boxplots of the distributions of the SNR of respectively S1 and S2, before and after digital filtering (20 Hz–100 Hz).

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  Figure 9. Maps showing the percentage of recordings with respectively a higher SNR in S1 (panel A) and a higher SNR in S2 (panel B). Each circle represents a microphone, and the color of the circle represents the percentage of recordings according to the color bars. A comparison between the positioning on the chest of the best channels against the positioning of the traditional auscultation areas of the valves generating the corresponding heart sound is proposed.

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  Figure 10. Scatter plots of the maximum SNR of respectively S1 and S2, in function of, respectively, the BMI, the thoracic circumference, and the biological sex.