Atrial fibrillation: primary prevention, secondary prevention, and prevention of thromboembolic complications: part 1

Figure 1. AF patient management based on the 2020 ESC guidelines. AHRE, atrial high-rate episode; CIEDs, cardiac implantable electronic devices; EDG, electrocardiogram; NOAC, non-vitamin K antagonist; VKA, vitamin K antagonist. Reproduced from reference (7) with permission.

Figure 2. Systems used for AF screening. Reproduced from reference (40) with permission.

Figure 3. Summary of investigated pharmacological and dietary approaches for primary AF prevention.

Figure 4. (A) during rapid pacing ST segment elevation is present. (B) Atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular response was induced. 100 s later, the rhythm degenerated into ventricular which was terminated with a 360 joule shock. Adapted from reference (59) with permission.

Figure 5. Dynamic substrate for atrial fibrillation. Reproduced from reference (235) with permission.

Figure 6. Potentially reversible risk factors. Adapted from reference (236) with permission.

Figure 7. Recommendations for management of patients with AHRE. Reproduced from reference (40) with permission.