Key result
CVD linked to ~88% higher odds of depression among Brazilian adults.
Why the study?
Depression is a major global public health challenge and chronic disease, motivating an investigation into possible factors associated with depression among Brazilian adults.
Cross-Sectional (n=88,531)
Yes
In a large Brazilian cohort, depression affected 10.27% of adults and was associated with demographic, socioeconomic, and health factors including cardiovascular disease.
Supports depression screening consideration in Brazilian adults with CVD; leaves open causality and directionality for prospective studies.
BACKGROUND: Mental disorders represent a major public health challenge worldwide, affecting 80% of people living in low- and middle-income countries. Depression, a mental disorder, is a chronic disease of long duration that causes changes in the brain, resulting from a combination of genetic, physiologic, environmental, and behavioral factors. The aim of this study was to investigate possible factors associated with depression in Brazilian adults. METHODS: A population-based, cross-sectional study was carried out using the public domain database of the 2019 National Health Survey, conducted in Brazil. Depression was considered the dependent variable, and through hierarchical analysis, predictor variables were investigated such as, at the distal level-socioeconomic variables, at the intermediate level-variables related to lifestyle behavior, health condition, and history, and at the proximal level-demographic variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to obtain the adjusted Odds Ratio and the respective 95% confidence interval to identify possible factors associated with depression. RESULTS: The study included 88,531 participant records with 10.27% diagnosed with depression. The adjusted association measurements, after selecting the independent variables in the hierarchical analysis, showed the following factors associated with depression with differing magnitudes: age, brown and white race/skin color, female sex, poor, very poor, or regular self-reported health condition, diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, work-related musculoskeletal disorder, history of smoking habit, and macroeconomic region. CONCLUSIONS: An effective strategy for preventing and managing depression in Brazilian adults must include the control of health status and lifestyle behavior factors, with actions and programs to reduce people's exposure to these factors, understanding that socioeconomic-demographic differences of each population can potentially reduce the disease burden.
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Hintz et al. (2023) conducted a cross-sectional in Depression (n=88,531). Associated risk factors was evaluated on Diagnosis of depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10). Among Brazilian adults, the prevalence of depression was 10.27%, with significant positive associations identified for female sex (OR 3.06), poor self-reported health (OR 5.28), and cardiovascular disease (OR 1.88).
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