Melanoma: Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy

melanoma. On the other hand, immune checkpoint inhibitors including PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 （CTLA-4） inhibitors changed the treatment landscape of advanced melanoma. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge of molecular pathogenesis and classification of melanoma. Subsequently, we explored current and potential treatment approaches for melanoma, primarily encompassing BRAF inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, and immunotherapy, with a particular focus on their clinical relevance of development. Finally, the challenges in the treatment of melanoma, particularly in immunotherapy and targeted therapy, are summarized and discussed.