Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Devices in Neurology: Mapping the Present and Future

Over the last decade, there has been a rapid expansion in medical devices utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), with a growing role in neurologic care. These devices are beginning to augment clinical workflows and reshape how neurologists engage with technology to deliver patient care. In this review, we first introduce core ML techniques that are used within devices. We then describe the AI-enabled medical devices that have received U.S. Food and Drug Administration authorization as of December 31, 2024, including an analysis of the 147 devices across neuroradiology and broader neurology indications. We also highlight key trends in how these devices are being integrated into clinical practice. We conclude by examining emerging models of human-machine interaction and their implications for future neurologic care.