Numerical study of the effects of streamlined length on the aerodynamic performance of high-speed maglev trains

Streamlined-nose design is a key factor influencing the aerodynamic performance of high-speed maglev trains. Focusing on an operating speed of 600 km/h, this study investigates the effects of different streamlined lengths on aerodynamic forces, wake structures, slipstream characteristics, and the flow structure within the train–guideway gap. The results show that extending the streamlined length noticeably alleviates the pressure gradients on both the head car and tail car, delays flow separation, and reduces pressure drag. Compared with the baseline length of [Formula: see text], the total aerodynamic drag of the train decreases by 16.6%, 22.9%, and 29.1% for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], respectively. In addition, increasing the streamlined length effectively reduces boundary-layer thickness and momentum loss, enhances the stability of the flow within the train–guideway gap, suppresses the expansion of wake vortices, and consequently lowers slipstream velocities. Results indicate that a minimum streamlined length of [Formula: see text] is required to meet the EN slipstream standard at an operating speed of 600 km/h. The findings of this study provide theoretical support and engineering guidance for wake control and streamlined-shape optimization of high-speed maglev trains.