Performance of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) as influenced by varietal selections and land configurations under trans gangetic plains of Punjab (India)

This research was conducted during kharif season of 2024 in the agricultural research farm of Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, to evaluate the effects of varietal selection and planting geometry on the growth and production of green gram (Vigna radiata L.) in Punjab region. The experiment was formulated in factorial randomized block design (FRBD) where by 3 types of the seeds (V1 - ML 2056, V2 - MH 421 and V3 - SML 1827) were utilised and three landscape arrangements (S1 - Flat sowing, S2 - Raised bed sowing and S3 - Ridge furrow sowing) were multiplicated thrice. It was discovered that variety SML 1827 grown under raised bed sowing resulted in a marked increase in growth, physiological traits, yield traits and economics. Seed yield of raised bed sowing was found 9.9 % higher than seed yield of flat sowing and SML 1827 seed yield was found 6.7 % higher than that of ML 2056. Variety V3 (SML 1827) and planting geometry S2 (Raised bed sowing) had the highest seed yield (1089.40 kg ha-1) and Variety V1 (ML2056) and planting geometry S1 (Flat sowing) had the lowest seed yield (1020.89 kg ha-1). It was observed that SML 1827 achieved the highest yield with a higher number of pods per plant (33.3) and a higher amount of dry matter accumulation (25.8 g). The highest gross ₹ 94863 ha-1 net returns B:C ratio (2.10) were achieved with SML 1827 in the raised beds, with the highest net returns of ₹68261 ha-1. Overall Variety V3 (SML 1827) under planting geometry S2 (Raised bed sowing) obtained higher growth, crop productivity and economic in kharif green gram. The conclusion is that, a higher productivity and profitability of kharif green gram in Punjab environment may be enhanced provided that the raised bed sowing technique is implemented using better varieties.