Exercise addiction in primary care: prevalence, associated factors, and patient–GP dialogue in a French community-based sample

Background Exercise addiction (EA) is a behavioural disorder with physical, psychological, and social consequences. While well-documented among athletes, its prevalence in primary care remains unknown. Aim This study aimed to estimate the risk of EA and identify associated factors, including patient–GP dialogue, within a French community-based primary care network (CPTS). Method A cross-sectional, multicentre study was conducted from June 2024 to January 2025 in general practices across a CPTS in northern France. Adults completed a self-administered questionnaire including sociodemographic data, physical activity patterns, substance use, and the validated French version of the Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI). Participants also indicated whether they discussed physical activity with their GP. Analyses were performed for all respondents and for the subgroup reporting regular physical activity. Results Among 402 respondents (64.4% female), 6.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 3.8–8.6) were at risk of EA. Risk was independently associated with self-medication (odds ratio [OR] 12.1), rehydration drink use (OR 37.5), and discussing physical activity with the GP (OR 3.1). In the active subgroup (n = 290), 8.6% (95% CI 5.4–11.8) were at risk. Significant associations included self-medication (OR 35.7), rehydration drinks (OR 36.0), endurance sports (OR 4.7), combat sports (OR 35.5), and exercising ≥4 times per week (OR 10.2). Conclusion EA may affect up to one in twelve physically active primary care patients. Associations with specific sports and behaviours highlight the need for GP awareness and targeted screening, especially since at-risk patients are more likely to discuss exercise with their doctors.