Advances in the Development, Enzymatic Preparation, and Functional Properties of Human Milk Fat Substitutes

ABSTRACT 1,3‐diunsaturated‐2‐palmitoyl‐glycerol (UPU structured lipids) demonstrate considerable potential as substitutes for human milk fat, effectively meeting the nutritional and developmental requirements of infants. This review outlines the development of human milk fat substitutes and examines how lipase synthesis strategies influence the production of UPU structured lipids. The review also analyzes the functional properties of these lipids in relation to types of lipases, acyl acceptors, and acyl donors. Finally, building on the well‐established structure–function relationships of these lipids, we offer insights into future research and development directions, with a focus on 1,3‐diunsaturated‐2‐saturated triglyceride (USU structured lipids) and customizing personalized UPU structured lipids products.