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This review aims to summarize and evaluate antenatal and delivery-related risk factors affecting the incidence of cerebral palsy in infants.

Antenatal, pregnancy and delivery risk factors for infant cerebral palsy: an umbrella review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews

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This review aims to summarize and evaluate antenatal and delivery-related risk factors affecting the incidence of cerebral palsy in infants.
Conducted an umbrella review of meta-analyses and systematic reviews published between September 2009 and August 2025.
Analyzed 35 meta-analyses and 16 systematic reviews to assess 54 risk and protective factors.
Used dedicated software (Metaumbrella) and AMSTAR 2 checklist for study appraisal.
Identified 43 significantly associated factors with infant CP, including pre-pregnancy obesity (eOR=1.36, 95% CI=1.28-1.45, convincing evidence) and smoking (eOR=1.32, 95% CI=1.22-1.44).
Prematurity was the strongest risk factor, with very preterm infants (<32 weeks) having an eOR=40.8 (95% CI=32.3-51.6, highly suggestive evidence).
Protective factors included corticosteroids in preterm pregnancies (eOR=0.70, 95% CI=0.61-0.79, convincing evidence) and magnesium sulfate (eOR=0.56, 95% CI=0.40-0.78).

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Umbrella review summarizes antenatal risk factors for cerebral palsy in infants, highlighting significant modifiable risks.

Arsenio et al. (2026) studied this question.

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