The Neem tree (Azadirachtaindica A. Juss.) has been known as the wonder tree for centuries in the Indian subcontinent as it offers answers to some of the major concerns facing humankind. Its mammalian safety and environmental friendliness reports are highly encouraging. A key advantage to using Neem, as opposed to some medical treatments and other herbs, is its harmlessness on human health. Millions have been using Neem over thousands of years and no hazards have been documented for normal dosages. The general class of these compounds found in neem is triterpenes, within which, the most effective are the limonoids, which are abundant in Neem oil. Azadirachtin, a limonoid, has been found to be the main ingredient for fighting insects and pests, being up to 90% effective in most instances.this research shows that, the neem seed oil yield (16.8%) and (11.2%) for the leaf reflecting higher lipid content in seed than leaf. In pesticide assay, neem seed oilshows strong insecticidal effect (88% mortality at 72h) compare to leaf extract (76% mortality). It repels and disrupts the life cycle, however does not kill immediately, but is nonetheless is one of the most effective growth and feeding deterrents ever examined. Meliantriol is another feeding inhibitor, which prevents locusts chewing, and has therefore been in traditional use in India for crop protection. In this, we develop two batch processes for neem pesticide production, water-based neem leaf extract and neem oil-based pesticide. The former can be sprayed directly on the infestation, while the latter can be diluted to the concentration needed, according to the degree of infestation on the plant. For the oil-based pesticide, we studied the kinetics and thermodynamics pertinent to the extraction process, thus to prove that the extraction process carried out is a feasible one.
Aliyu et al. (Thu,) studied this question.