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Abstract In recent years, highly efficient energy storage and conversion devices have become a significant research focus in the field of energy and the environment. Electrically driven catalytic reactions, such as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), are pivotal pathways for sustainable energy production and serve as the foundation for energy conversion processes. The designed reaction pathways predominantly occur at the surfaces and interfaces of electrocatalysts, which are mainly affected by the structural and interfacial engineering of the electrocatalysts. In this comprehensive review, the latest progress of the electrocatalytic mechanisms and the state‐of‐the‐art in situ technologies for mechanism study are systematically summarized. Additionally, insights into the structural and interfacial engineering of metal organic frameworks (MOFs)‐derived composite superstructures and their enhancing effect on electrocatalytic reactions are presented. Furthermore, this review highlights the practical applications within corresponding energy devices, identifying unresolved challenges and proposing promising directions for future research aimed at realizing practical systems. This review aims to enhance the understanding of the electrocatalytic mechanisms, facilitate discussions on the derivation and practical application of relevant materials, and provide substantial support for the development of energy‐related devices.
Wen et al. (Sun,) studied this question.