Neurological consequences of climate change: a review of emerging challenges and potential impacts on brain health

Climate change causes significant challenges to the neurological system due to both gradual and immediate environmental changes. This paper explores the various issues facing by the brain because of climate change, such as increased cases of heat-related diseases, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, altered patterns of diseases, and phenomena associated with very severe weather conditions. A comprehensive literature search was conducted. This paper demonstrates evidences, linking climate-related factors (air pollution, heat exposure, and vector-borne diseases) to neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, the major contributors to neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, it addresses targeted interventions to mitigate health risks, particularly among vulnerable groups such as the elderly and children. Moreover, it was noticed how climate change affects mental health in terms of anxiety and depression. Chronic stress disorders should, therefore, be considered during mental health interventions for climate adaptation. The study highly emphasizes collaborative research networks and open-access data repositories while advocating for interdisciplinary approaches and policy support to deepen our knowledge and lessen neurological effects related to climatic variability. This review highlights the importance of multidisciplinary research and policy interventions to mitigate these risks and protect global neurological health.