Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Two epidemic waves of the same HPAI H5N1 virus, three months apart, were observed in poultry farms in southwestern France in 2022-2023. The high genetic similarity of the viruses observed between the two waves suggests a re-emergence of the virus probably linked to a still-contaminated environment.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Briand et al. (2026) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: