Novel advancements in synthesis, modulation, and potential applications of conjugated microporous polymer-based materials

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are a unique class of organic porous materials characterized by π-conjugated structures and permanent micropores, distinguishing them from non-porous polymers and conventional π-conjugated polymers. CMPs offer extensive versatility in synthetic approaches, enabling the synthesis of cross-linked and mesoporous structures. Advances in chemical processes, structural design, and synthesis methodologies have been developed, resulting in a diverse range of CMPs with unique configurations and properties, contributing to the fast expansion of the field. CMPs are particularly notable for their ability to enable the competitive utilization of π-conjugated structures within mesoporous configurations, making them valuable for investigations across various domains. They have shown considerable promise in addressing fuel and environmental challenges, demonstrated by their exceptional performance in applications such as vapor adsorption, heterogeneous catalysis, light emission, light harvesting, and energy generation. This review examines the chemical engineering principles underlying CMPs, including synthesis approaches, systemic research advancements, multifunctional investigations boundaries, potential applications, and progress in synthesis, dimensionality, and morphology studies. Specifically, it offers a comparative analysis of CMPs and linear polymeric materials, aiding in the development of functional polymers. Furthermore, this review explores the primary fundamental limitations of CMPs in fuel-related domains and discusses alternative strategies, including novel synthesis methods incorporating interactions and morphologies, to address these challenges. Ultimately, this assessment aims to provide a valuable and inspiring resource for professionals in the field of fuel management, guiding future research and development efforts.