This review considers the three major aspects of metal machining: the physical characteristics of chip formation, the properties and operating conditions of cutting tools, and the condition of the final product. There is a brief account of specialized metal-removal techniques and numerical and computer control of modern lathes and milling machines. The contributions of applied physics to metal cutting are emphasized throughout. The dependence of chip formation on the deformation and fracture behaviour of the workpiece and the friction conditions between chip and tool are described. Because of these extreme conditions the choice of tool materials is very restricted.
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Childs et al. (1973) studied this question.