HealthCare 5.0: An industry 5.0 perspective for next-generation medical systems with synergistic integration of IoT, AI, and 6G

• First unified Industry 5.0 healthcare framework integrating IoT, AI, and 6G. • Review medical LLMs like Med-PaLM 2, GatorTron, and Radiology-Llama on clinical NLP tasks. • Lightweight AI strategies for wearable sensors via ultra-low-power computing. • Emerging real-world use cases, such as holographic surgery, THz diagnostics, and telemedicine in HealthCare 5.0. • Transparent, interpretable AI and federated privacy for secure distributed data. The rising demand for personalized, reliable, and sustainable health services requires a significant shift beyond current technology barriers. This paper introduces HealthCare 5.0, a transformative vision for next-generation medical systems. It brings the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and 6G communications together under the human-centered, sustainable, and resilient principles of Industry 5.0. HealthCare 5.0 showcases the convergence of IoT for continuous health monitoring, AI for intelligent reasoning, and 6G for dependable, low-latency connectivity. These elements work together to provide real-time, personalized, and proactive care. The analysis looks into how this collaboration supports advancements like remote diagnostics, digital twins, federated learning, explainable AI (XAI), and medical large language models (MedLLMs). It also addresses challenges in interoperability, energy efficiency, data privacy, and ethical AI. The framework stresses the importance of digital twins, ambient sensing, and wearable devices in facilitating predictive and patient-centered care. Despite progress, there are still gaps in standardization, clinician adoption, and the ethical use of these technologies. To overcome these issues, we propose a complete approach that combines IoT, AI, and 6G based on Industry 5.0 principles. This closed-loop model of “sense, transmit, reason, act” is backed by key performance indicators, real-world case studies, and a roadmap for compliance and regulatory support. By merging innovation with human values and systemic resilience, HealthCare 5.0 offers a forward-thinking plan for smart, safe, and fair healthcare systems.