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A three-dimensional numerical model FLUENT is used to simulate the separated turbulent flow around vertical circular piers in clear water. Computations are performed using different turbulence models and results are compared with several sets of experimental data available in the literature. Despite commonly perceived weakness of the k-ε model in resolving three-dimensional (3D) open channel and geophysical flows, several variants of this turbulence model are found to have performed satisfactorily in reproducing the measured velocity profiles. However, model results obtained using the k-ε models show some discrepancy with the measured bed shear stress. The Reynolds stress model performed quite well in simulating velocity distribution on flat bed and scour hole as well as shear stress distribution on flat bed around circular piers. The study demonstrates that a robust 3D hydrodynamic model can effectively supplement experimental studies in understanding the complex flow field and the scour initiation process around piers of various size, shape, and dimension.
Salaheldin et al. (2004) studied this question.