A series of 414 chronic pain patients referred to Are Hospital, Are, Sweden, for evaluation and rehabilitation were administered a structured diagnostic interview to detect alcohol and drug misuse and dependence according to DSM-III-R criteria. A total of 97 (23.4%) met criteria for active alcohol, analgesic, or sedative misuse or dependency; an additional 39 (9.4%) met criteria for a remission diagnosis. Current dependency was most common for analgesics (12.6%) followed by alcohol (9.7%) and sedatives (7.0%).
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Hoffmann et al. (1995) studied this question.
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