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More than four decades ago, Philip J. Foster (1927–2008) published an essay on the The vocational school fallacy in development planning, drawing on research on schools in Ghana. That essay has been reprinted in numerous texts and remains frequently quoted in recent research literature. What were his main general insights about vocational education and how have these stood the test of time? Acknowledgement I am grateful to Richard Pelczar for helpful comments on a draft of this paper. Notes 1. 'Supply driven' is really a pejorative misnomer. Even vocational training based on traditional manpower forecasting has of course been justified as a response to anticipated future demand for the supply of manpower produced. 2. For background studies for that report, see: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTSOCIALPROTECTION/EXTLM/0,,contentMDK:20223878~pagePK:210058~piPK:210062~theSitePK:390615,00.html.
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