SCA Based Load Frequency Control Incorporating Electric Vehicle Using Cascaded Controller

This paper delivers load frequency control (LFC) of coordinated thermal power plants with electric vehicles to swiftly arrest the frequency oscillations following load demands. Robustness of conventional single loop controllers is undesirable while considering system nonlinearities. However, two-loop cascade controllers can present substantial robust performance in dynamic under system nonlinearities. Hence cascade of three degree freedom proportional integral derivative-fractional order proportional integral derivative (C-3DOFPID-FOPID) controller is exploited for four area thermal power systems. The gain and controller parameters of cascade controller are optimized by sine cosine algorithm (SCA). Finally the supremacy of C3DOFPID-FOPID controller over FOPID is revealed through numerous simulations.