Optimum Charging Profile for Lithium-Ion Batteries to Maximize Energy Storage and Utilization

The optimal profile of charging current for a lithium-ion battery is estimated using dynamic optimization implemented via control vector parameterization (CVP). An efficient reformulated model is used for simulating the system behavior of the Li-ion battery. Dynamic optimization is made possible due to the computationally inexpensive reformulated model. It is found that, if the battery is charged using the optimum profile estimated by dynamic optimization, more energy can be stored as compared with conventional charging of the battery. An attempt has been made to understand the dynamics of Li-ion batteries with competing transport and reaction phenomena at various scales and location inside the battery.