Evaluation of the antioxidant activity of tetracycline antibiotics in vitro

Tetracyclines are the second most common antibiotic family in medicine usage. These antibiotics exhibit antioxidant potential; however, the exact mechanism remains unclear. The antiradical activity of the seven tetracyclines (TCs; tetracycline, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxocycline, methacycline, demeclocycline, minocycline) was determined using the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH(•)) and hydroxyl radicals (HO(•)) generated in a Fenton reaction. Electron spin resonance (ESR), ESR spin-trapping, chemiluminescence and spectrophotometry techniques were applied. It was found that the TCs showed high DPPH antiradical activity in the range 26-96% at 2.5 mmol/L concentration. The second-order rate constants for the reaction between HO(•) and TCs were calculated, in the range (3.6-9.6) × 10(9) L/mol/s. The tetracycline compounds also exhibited a strong decrease in light emission (range 61-85% at concentration of 1 mmol/L). This study also showed that TCs promote the generation of singlet oxygen in the presence of H(2)O(2) and Fe(II)/Fe(III) ions. Our findings suggest direct scavenging activity of the examined tetracyclines towards free radicals, and may be relevant to therapeutic strategy.