Time-Coordinated Multienergy Management of Smart Buildings Under Uncertainties

This paper proposes a multitimescale coordinated building energy management system (BEMS) for multienergy buildings integrated with renewable energy sources (RES). It aims to dispatch active building components in two different timescales to counteract uncertain variations in RES generation and load. In the longer timescale (hourly), fuel-cell-based microcombined heat and power and energy storage system (ESS) are dispatched before uncertainty is realized. In the 15 min timescale, ESS is redispatched to supplement the first stage decision, once the uncertainty is realized. The multitimescale coordination is achieved through a two-stage stochastic programming model. The BEMS has been developed as nonlinear receding horizon and nonlinear quadratic programming models in the first and second stages, respectively. In order to minimize carbon footprint of the building, carbon tax has been incorporated in the system operation cost. Furthermore, to prolong battery lifetime in uncertain environment, battery degradation cost has been included. Case studies depict appropriateness of the proposed method in achieving lower carbon emissions while simultaneously improving battery performance in comparison to traditional systems. Extensive simulation results demonstrate robustness and effectiveness of the proposed scheme to account for uncertainties in generation and load.