3D synaptic architecture with ultralow sub-10 fJ energy per spike for neuromorphic computation

A high-density 3D synaptic architecture based on self-rectifying Ta/TaO x /TiO 2 /Ti RRAM is proposed as an energy- and cost-efficient neuromorphic computation hardware. The device shows excellent analog synaptic features that can be accurately described by the physical and compact models. Ultra-low energy consumption comparable to that of a biological synapse (<;10 fJ/spike) has been demonstrated for the first time.