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Fender systems are commonly used in bridge engineering to protect bridge piers from vessel impacts and to redirect vessels in safe operation and navigation zones. Among the existing construction methods for fender systems, the use of cluster drilling has gained significant popularity in recent years because it combines an environmentally-friendly construction process that reduces dust production and minimizes noise and ground vibrations as well as presents both time and cost-efficiency. This article presents the construction sequence of a new fender system along the New Jersey side of the New Goethals Bridge (November 2017–March 2018) by KWM (Kiewit-Weeks-Massman, AJV) as part of the Goethals Bridge replacement project. The structure consisted of sea timber vertical posts and horizontal walers supported on a single row of concrete-filled steel piles. The advantages of the cluster drilling method over other available methods are discussed with emphasis on the control of environmental risks.
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Mikaeel et al. (2022) studied this question.